These differences extend within each species: the variety of sizes, shapes, colours, growth rates as well as adaptations to the surrounding environment and its variations are all visible signs of diversity. This genetic diversity is an asset allowing the survival and evolution, in time and through space, of these species. It is therefore crucial that this diversity - natural or man-made - be perpetuated from generation to generation, as part of our heritage. This genetic heritage represents a real "resource" for mankind, since he uses it for farming, food supply, medicine, industry and for many other activities. These resources, commonly referred to as genetic resources, are alive and evolving but also fragile and under constant threat. It is therefore necessary to keep watch over this common heritage and to ensure its long-term management.

Genetic resources: a social and culturl asset
In addition to considerations linked to the future needs for food and agriculture, it is important to underline the social and cultural dimension of genetic resources, as their diversity is intimately linked to our own diversity of cultures, lifestyles, know-hows and landscapes.
We are today fully aware of the heritage value of genetic resources. To certain of them, in particular local breeds and landraces, a number of human values are attached, both social and cultural: traditional uses, artisanal techniques and know-hows, "terroir" identification and the persistence of very specific value-added production filieres.