The BRG's mission is to promote French expertise and to ensure that French institutions take part to international actions on genetic resources. It represents the French system on genetic resources in European initiatives and institutions that work on technical matters (management, research, scientific and technical cooperation) within the scope of its mandate ; in particular, it is a member of international networks and ensures that French scientists and managers of genetic resources are involved.

The BRG takes part to the preparation of the French positions, that are adopted by the relevant inter-ministerial bodies, for the international negotiations that have an impact on genetic resources ; it is a member of the French delegation in such international negotiations, and ensures they are followed-up.